Are you asking for opinions until someone tells you that you can do what you WANT to do and that it'll be okay?
Your doctor already told you twice not to do something, and you continue to not listen, and you reinjured your back. So why ask for advice then complain when you don't take it?
When you felt the pain, does not necessarily correlate to what/how you actually, structurally hurt your spine. It could have been a progressive issue and that was just the straw that broke the camel's back, so to speak.
I am just like BLADE in that regard,...I can hoist
weight plates around, but you should see me try to tie my boots in the morning. It just does not work that way.
If he told you to do something and it hurts, and you think he's a tool for suggesting it, then perhaps you need to research anatomy yourself, consult with some physical therapists and understand how your body works.
You've continued to show favoritism to certain muscles which is why you can do some movements without pain. Without realizing it you've avoided those tool-ish type movements which has just made some muscles weaker, and other muscles compensated becoming stronger. Now, when trying to work your back muscles, those that have been dormant are going to feel tooled with and scream out because they haven't been out -- they've been locked up for so long they forgot how to work.
I'm not suggesting he is right, or anyone is particularly right or wrong,... just that there are reasons that "rehab" work hurts,...and there are reasons we avoid movements that cause pain and over-do exercises that we succeed on and feel good about. SOMETIMES (not always, but sometimes), the ones we avoid (because they hurt us or we're not good at them or can't lift massive weights),...might actually BE the ones we NEED.
It also comes down to distinguishing:
(A) Are you using true
proper form in these exercises he recommended?
(B) Do you just think you're doing them right?
(C) Can you alter/modify range of motion to recruit those muscles without pain?
(D) Can you distinguish between the pain of rehab and the pain of injury?